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Chapter 5. Troubleshooting One-Way Audio ··· 127
5
Troubleshooting One-Way Audio
This chapter provides tips for solving problems with one-way audio on Vocera
badge-to-badge calls in a Cisco WLAN environment. The term "one-way audio"
means that only one user can hear unicast audio when a badge-to-badge call is
initiated or when a user roams to a new AP.
Users may report that audio is lost when they walk away from an AP they are
associated with and is restored when:
• they walk back towards the AP they are associated with or
• they roam to a new AP.
These situations can be classified as "user perceived" one-way audio and are
usually indicative of coverage issues that should be diagnosed with alternative
procedures. One-way audio problems are typically caused by Address Resolution
Protocol (ARP) - Layer 2 issues.
The following table provides a sequence of questions to ask to troubleshoot
problems with one-way audio.
Table 5.1. Questions to ask about one-way audio
Question If the answer is Yes, do this:
Is Vocera running in a Cisco LWAPP
WLAN deployment?
Disable unicast ARP on the WLC.
Make sure your Cisco WLAN Controller
software has been updated to version
4.1.185 or later. Check with Vocera
Technical Support for the latest
recommendations about Cisco WLAN
Controller software versions.
After upgrading Cisco WLAN Controllers,
make sure you reboot them.
Is Vocera running in a Cisco Autonomous
WLAN deployment?
Disable arp-cache on the APs. If arp-
cache is a WLAN requirement, enable
arp-cache "optional".
- Version 4.3 1
- Contents 3
- Contents ··· v 5
- List of Figures 7
- List of Tables 9
- List of Examples 11
- Infrastructure Planning 13
- Introduction 15
- About the Vocera Badge 16
- About the Vocera Smartphone 17
- Voice and Data Applications 17
- Voice and Data Applications 18
- Wireless LAN Configuration 19
- 802.11a Support 20
- Access Point Settings 20
- Beacon and DTIM Intervals 21
- Data Rates 22
- SSID and Security 22
- Peer-To-Peer Communication 23
- Coverage 24
- Minimum Signal Strength 25
- Acceptable Voice Quality 26
- Figure 2.2. Radio Info screen 27
- Acceptable Voice Quality 30
- Figure 2.3. Badge buttons 30
- Playing a Test Tone 32
- Channel Separation 33
- Co-Channel Interference 34
- Overlapping Cells 35
- Overlapping Cells 36
- Capacity and Call Load 38
- The Roaming Policy Property 41
- Layer 2 Roaming 42
- Layer 3 Roaming 42
- Quality of Service 43
- Platinum (Voice) 45
- Allowed 45
- Layer 3 QoS Tagging 47
- Preamble Length 48
- Security 48
- Security Support 49
- Security and Roaming Delays 50
- Authentication Delays 51
- Timeout Intervals 52
- Fast Reconnects 52
- PEAP Session Timeouts 53
- Authentication Server 55
- EAP-TLS Session Timeouts 55
- Supported Certificate Formats 56
- Certificate Revocation 56
- Using External Certificates 57
- Authorities 60
- Figure 2.11. EAP-TLS settings 61
- Restarting Cisco ACS 63
- Configuration Overview 67
- Setting up the SSID Details 73
- Network Topology 75
- Isolated Vocera System 76
- Dual-NIC Server 77
- Firewalled Vocera Server 78
- Multiple Vocera Subnets 80
- Multicast Traffic 80
- Multicast and Smartphones 81
- UserOne and UserTwo 82
- Multicast Address Range 85
- Layer 3 IGMP 85
- IP Addressing 86
- Network Considerations 87
- WAN QoS 89
- WAN QoS 90
- Hardware Infrastructure 91
- About Vocera Clusters 92
- About Vocera Clusters 93
- Disk Defragmentation 95
- Using the SIP Testing Tool 97
- Multiple Site Scenarios 101
- About Vocera Telephony 106
- Outgoing Calls 107
- Incoming Calls 107
- Vocera Installation Guide 109
- Analog Telephony Boards 110
- Analog Telephony Cables 110
- Digital Telephony Boards 112
- Digital Telephony Cables 113
- Figure 4.16. RJ48C plug 114
- Procuring Equipment 115
- Configuring the PBX 115
- Single Site Scenarios 119
- Troubleshooting 125
- Spectrum Analyzers 133
- WLAN Packet Capturing Tools 133
- WLAN Monitoring Tools 134
- VOIP Monitoring Tools 134
- Site Survey Tools 135
- Site Survey Tools 136
- Appendixes 137
- About Data Rates 145
- Beacons and Basic Rates 146
- Multicast Transmissions 146
- Data Rates and Roaming 147
- Data Rate Recommendations 147
- Data Rate Recommendations 148
- Radio Receiver Sensitivity 149
- IP Port Usage 151
- LogMaxFiles = 200 160
- Deploying Vocera on VMware 163
- VMware Requirements 164
- Installation 164
- VSTG Recommendations 165
- VCG Recommendations 165
- VCG Recommendations 166
- WLAN Settings 167
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